Essay about Feminism and Changing Perceptions of Motherhood

Societal perceptions of motherhood in North America have changed drastically over the last century and continue to change. Due to prescribed traditional gender roles, the concept of motherhood has historically been latent in the concept womanhood, in that a woman’s ability to reproduce was seen to be an inherent part of her identity. Thus there existed societal pressures not only for women to become mothers, but to fit into the impossible standard of being the â€Å"perfect mother†. However, as the feminist movement gained more ground and women were increasingly incorporated into the workforce, these traditional views of gender roles and in turn motherhood were challenged. As the family dynamics that exist today are much more diverse, what†¦show more content†¦They argue that this media driven debate pins working mothers against stay-at-home mothers in order to â€Å"divert the dialogue away from the real issues such as affordable health care, quality childcar e, gender and racial equality, fathers’ roles in parenting, media effects, fair wages and benefits, and family-friendly work arrangements† (204). They state that in this culture of mother-blame, mothers have been blamed for causing problems in regards to childhood development such as, â€Å"epilepsy, colitis, asthma, ulcers, arthritis, anorexia nervosa, and a multitude of more severe problems in children† (207). However, they argue that it is now â€Å"accepted that these disorders are in fact not caused by poor mothering†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (208). Another issue with the Mommy Wars debate is that it portrays a universal kind of woman – white, affluent, and heterosexual – ignoring the fact that there are many different kinds of mothers of all backgrounds, sexualities, and economic statuses – which can make those who are not reflected as the â€Å"average† mother, feel inadequate. The authors further argue that these messages that working mot hers are harming their children are what discourage women from economic participation and achievement and can have a negative impact on a mother’s perception of herself - which in turn can affect her performance as a parent. It seems that theShow MoreRelatedGender Equality And The Movement For Women s Rights On A Global Scale1174 Words   |  5 Pagestwo controversial perceptions of the meaning of feminism and what feminists stand for. For many years, feminism is considered a series of mere actions exhorting for only women, which is anti-men and overaggressive. 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Vsepr Lab Free Essays

Molecular Geometry A. Natural Orientation of Volumes about a Central Point. You will need 20 round balloons for this experiment. We will write a custom essay sample on Vsepr Lab or any similar topic only for you Order Now Join them together as indicated in the Balloon Arrangement column and then describe the shape in the space provided. Balloon ArrangementDescription of the Shape Two-Balloon SetLinear Three-Balloon Set Trigonal Planar Four-Balloon Set Tetrahedral Five-Balloon Set Trigonal Bipyramidal Six-Balloon Set Octahedral B. Valence Shell Pairs: Single Bonds Fill in the table below for the corresponding compounds. Reference the tables provided in the introductory comments for Lab #16 VSEPR Theory. Molecular ShapeNumber of Bonds About Central AtomShape Description BF3 3Trigonal planar BeCl2 2Linear CH4 4Tetrahedral PF5 5Trigonal bipyramidal SF6 6Octahedral C. Valence Shell Pairs: Single Bonds and Non-Bonding electron pairs Fill in the table below for the corresponding compounds. Reference the tables provided in the introductory comments for Lab #16 VSEPR Theory. Molecular FormulaNumber of Bonds and Non-Bonding PairsShape Desrciption NF3 ,1Trigonal pyramidal H2S 2,2Bent H3O+ 3,1Trigonal pyramidal PH3 3,1Trigonal pyramidal ClO2 2,1Bent D. Valence Shell Pairs: Single and Double Bonds and Non-Bonding electron pairs Fill in the table below for the corresponding compounds. The shapes and other information on pages three and four of your lab will be helpful. FormulaNumber of Bonds and Non-Bonding Electron PairsShape Description CO32- 3,0Trigonal planar SO2 2,1Bent H2CO 3,0Trigonal planar SO3 3,0Trigon al planar SO32- 3,1Trigonal pyramidal NO2- 2,1Bent PO33- 3,1Trigonal pyramidal How to cite Vsepr Lab, Essay examples

Common Wealth Bank Text Message Scam†MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theCommon Wealth Bank Text Message Scam. Answer: Introduction Common wealth Bank of Australia has in the recent years been faced with test message scam that is predicted to increase in the next decade. Text message scams are complicated messages that appear to be real or like the standard message from the bank that manipulates a customer to undertake a certain decision (Kilk, 2007). The text message scams are sent to the client mobile phone by a fraudster whose aim is steal money from the accounts. The text message on the clients phone come on the same number and thread as if genuinely sent by the bank. Fraudsters are criminals who aim to steal from customers by using misleading information. The text messages scam fraudsters are facilitated by advanced informational technologies that enable them access information (Ramsey, Bapna, 2016). The IT has also enabled fraudsters to create false that can be socially acceptable and commit consumer financial fraud. The advancement in technology and free transfer of knowledge has continually led to frauds ters hiring specialist to exploit uncovered knowledge to creating tactics to commit crime through technology. The dynamism of globalization has also contributed to increased bank fraudsters who are able to operate in new ways to match global technological criminal trends. Globalization is the integration of the world economy as a result of reduced barriers and advanced technology (Nikiforova, W. Gregory, 2013). The world has been interconnected to be a global village. Information technologies has enables people around the globe to interact freely through the internet and telephone calls and messages to transact businesses. Dynamism of globalization refers to the positive and negative impacts of globalization. Positive dynamism of globalization is benefits that organizations get from the interconnection and integration of the world community. These include access to information, large customer base, and access to variety of products and services and resources. Negative dynamism of g lobalization is demerits that organizational and people face as a result of integrated economics and integration of the global community. These include cyber crime, hoax emails, scam information, computer virus, and national security (Chambers-Jones, 2012). The following executive report will assess the impact and identify critical issues arising as a result of scam text messages in the Common Wealth Bank. The situation will be addressed in globalization contextual. The report will also recommend appropriate measures to the Company management to ensure the organizational performance is not negatively affected. Impact of Text Messages Scam on Common Wealth Bank The text messages scam have an impact both to Common Wealth Bank as an organization and the global customers it offers it services to. The following are the impacts of text messages scam; First, the scam messages fraud banks customers. The scam text messages manipulate customers to think in a certain way making wrong decisions about their accounts. The fraudsters ask for customers usernames, passwords and secrets codes. These details are used transfers money from the victims account to another anonymous account. The fraudsters are able to transfer money without being noticed and cannot be noticed. This is as a result of globalization where they can be located anywhere around the globe. Globalization has also integrated the banking system and the fraudsters can easily transfer money from the victims account to another bank without limitations or questioning (Manjusha Goel, 2012). The fraudsters also have ability to hide their identity or use robots to avoid being arrested. This lead to customers money being stolen from their bank accounts. Secondly, text message scam lead to customer losing confidence with the bank. Customers feel frustrated with fraudster messages that mislead them. Customers fear to lose their money while on their banks account. The loss of confidence in banks ability to secure their money leads to massive transfer to other banks that can guarantee customer confidence (Hollow, 2014). Customers are able to access many banks for both current and saving accounts around the globe. Globalizations allow customers to transfer and open account with different banks around the globe. The customers will choose to bank with institutions that can safeguard their money away from fraudsters. This will lead to bank liquidity decreasing. Third, text messages scam can con the bank accounts leading to bankruptcy of the bank and members. Scam messages can transfer adequate amount from the customers accounts leading to bankruptcy of the customers and consequently the whole bank (Gupta, Sharman, 2009). This can happen when the fraudsters are able to anonymously transfers adequate amount of fund to other national or international accounts emptying the banks accounts. This situation can lead to customers of the bank being declared bankrupt and subsequently the bank. Another impact of text message scam is ruining the reputation of the bank. The scam messages lead to conning of customers and bankruptcy that ruin the banks reputation. Existing customers start opening accounts elsewhere to safeguard their money. Potential customers also fail to open accounts with the bank. The bank bad reputation is easily ruined around the globe. With the advancement in information technology, people in different geographical locations get the news about the bank and result in avoiding it services (Khrais, 2015). The banks reputation that has been established for many years is ruined within days due to global interactions. Lastly, the text message scam can change customers attitude to banking technology. Banking technology is an important tool to delivering quality services to customers. The customers experiencing test scam can change their attitude due to past experience of being conned. This leads to customers changing their attitude towards banking technology and failing to adopt new advancements or updates to enhance the banking services. The customers stop trusting messages sent by the bank making communication between the bank and the customers difficult. Critical Issues of Text Messages Scam Scam messages lead to critical issues in the organizations. The critical issues on common Wealth Bank as a result of text messages scam are as follows; First, the text messages scam are capable of losing the banks customers. The text message scam ruined the banks reputations and lowered the level of customers confidence. Customers feel that there is general incapability of the bank to secure their money and there can opt to leave the institution to another bank perceived safer (Behr, Gttler, 2008). Loss of customer is a critical issue to the development and growth of the institution. Loss of customers also is likely to reduce the returns to the owners of the banks. Secondly, the bank profits are likely to reduce. The impact of the fraud in the customers account is likely to reduce customers activities on their account (Bakare, 2015). This is as a result of loss of confidence and trust with the information technology system of the bank. This means that customers will avoid transacting through their online accounts. This will lead to reduced services that the bank will be offering to its customers. This factor will reduce the profits that the Bank has been getting leading to reduced return to the shareholders. The bank will also be unable to finance it projects and settle its obligations as they fall due. Third, the bank will face possible prosecution by the authority. The bank is likely to be sued for its inability to safeguard the clients account and ensure effective communication. The bank has a duty of care of protecting customers money and ensuring credibility of the information disseminated to custo0mers regarding their accounts. It the responsibility of the bank to ensuring customers money is secure for the duration deposited to withdraw. Therefore, the, the customers holding accounts in the bank who have be fraud by fraudsters will sue the institution demanding refund or explanation about their loss. The bank can also be suspended from the global interconnections that it is engaged on (Ghosh, 2016). This situation will put the bank in a compromising situation whose consequences can be adverse. Fourth the banks customers can develop resistance to future changes or advancement in technology. The text message scam can lead to clients of the bank developing phobia about the IT system on the basis of inability to safeguard their funds. This entails that they will not cooperate in adopting future developments that the bank is pursuing to ensuring quality banking serirve delivery. This means that the business will have to invest more resources to institute changes when need be. Another critical issue as a result of text message scam on Common Wealth Bank is closure of the bank. Fraud to customers, loss of reputation, low profits, and bankruptcy can lead to the organizations being closed down. This closure would be as a result of general inability to safeguard stakeholders interests. This is the extreme case of the scam occurring on the institution. Recommendation to Enhance Organizational Performance From the analysis of the text message scam impact and critical issues on Common Wealth Bank, we recommend the following; First, the Bank should establish a monitoring system. Establishing a monitoring system will offer surveillance of the banks IT system. The surveillance will ensure the suspicious actions are detected and reported. The bank will also be able to keep track of the individuals historical transactions and act on urgency in case there are suspicious activities on an individual account or group (Silva, 2008). Secondly, the Bank should continuously update the IT system to accommodate new developments. Updating system will incorporate new knowledge in software applications development to enhance security of the information stored in the system. The fraudsters will not be able to use new knowledge and skills to take advantage of the Banks IT system to leak information to manipulate customers. Updating the IT system will also enable the bank restore and guarantee customers confidence of the banking system to safeguard their wealth. Third the bank should create awareness about the fraudster practices in the banking sector. The Bank should invest in educating it customers about the fraudsters tricks to fraud their account. Impacting customers with knowledge about fraudsters will enable them to protect their important details that are target by criminals. This awareness will also enable the customers report fraudsters to the bank and the authority for further action. Lastly, the Bank should integrate it communication and activities with other banks to fight crime against customer fraud. The bank should stand by defining and availing contacts that are to be used to communicate with customers when need be. The telephone numbers should be complimented by an email to. This will ensure verification of the communication and the message intended. The Bank should also interconnect it system with other institutions in the banking sector to track, fight, and eradicate fraudster around the globe (Tsai, 2016). This will ensure fraudsters are tamed or the money stolen can be retrieved and returned to customers. Conclusion Text messages scam can affect the organizational performance if not addressed. They have several impacts to customers and the institution in global context. Text scams cause conning of money that are anonymous, loss of confidence from the service provided and customers shifting from the bank. Text messages scam also cause bankruptcy of both customers and the bank leading to loss institution reputation. Text messages lead to the Bank losing it customers, decline in profitability, possible prosecution, and likely closure of the bank. Following assessment of impacts and identification of critical issue in Common Wealth Bank text message scam, we have recommended that the Bank should monitor, create awareness to customers, update IT system and interconnect it system in order to avoid customer being fraud and enhance organizational performance. Therefore, the Bank should adopt the recommendations of this report to reduce scam impact and avoid critical issues that can lead to organizationa l failure. References Bakare, S. (2015). Varying Impacts of Electronic Banking on the Banking Industry. The Journal Of Internet Banking And Commerce, 20(2). https://dx.doi.org/10.4172/1204-5357.1000111 Behr, P., Gttler, A. (2008). The informational content of unsolicited ratings. Journal Of Banking Finance, 32(4), 587-599. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2007.04.021 Chambers-Jones, C. (2012). Virtual economies and financial crime (1st ed.). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing. Ghosh, A. (2016). Banking sector globalization and bank performance: A comparative analysis of low income countries with emerging markets and advanced economies. Review Of Development Finance, 6(1), 58-70. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rdf.2016.05.003 Ghosh, A. (2016). How does banking sector globalization affect banking crisis?. Journal Of Financial Stability, 25, 70-82. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfs.2016.07.003 Gupta, M., Sharman, R. (2009). Handbook of research on social and organizational liabilities in information security (1st ed.). Hershey, Pa.: IGI Global (701 E. Chocolate Avenue, Hershey, Pennsylvania, 17033, USA). Hoax Email Alert - Commonwealth Bank Group. (2017). Commbank.com.au. Retrieved 24 May 2017, from https://www.commbank.com.au/news/netbank-news-30.html Hollow, M. (2014). Money, morals and motives. Journal Of Financial Crime, 21(2), 174-190. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-02-2013-0010 Khrais, L. (2015). Highlighting the Vulnerabilities of Online Banking System. The Journal Of Internet Banking And Commerce, 20(3). https://dx.doi.org/10.4172/1204-5357.1000120 Kilk, J. (2007). Scams swindles (1st ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Silver Lake. Manjusha Goel, M. (2012). Impact of Technology on Banking Sector in India. International Journal Of Scientific Research, 2(5), 380-383. https://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/may2013/130 Nikiforova, B., W. Gregory, D. (2013). Globalization of trust and internet confidence emails. Journal Of Financial Crime, 20(4), 393-405. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-05-2013-0038 Ramsey, G., Bapna, S. (2016). Text Mining to Identify Customers Likely to Respond to Cross-Selling Campaigns:. International Journal Of Business Analytics, 3(2), 33-49. https://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijban.2016040102 Silva, H. (2008). The role of domestic shell companies in financial crime and money laundering (1st ed.). [Washington, D.C.]: Financial Crimes Enforcement Network. Tsai, E. (2016). Corporate Governance and Globalization In The Banking Sector. Journal Of International Finance And Economics, 16(2), 73-80. https://dx.doi.org/10.18374/jife-16-2.7

Galveston Hurricane and Its Influence on Americans Confidence in Conquering Nature in 1800s and 1900s

The confrontation between nature and science has always been the main cornerstone for humanity as soon as people start gaining knowledge in various fields. Throughout the history, people have been struggling with natural powers to prove their superiority over it. However, their confidence in the possibility to conquer the nature did not help them much when they encounter Galveston hurricane. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Galveston Hurricane and Its Influence on Americans’ Confidence in Conquering Nature in 1800s and 1900s specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Indeed, Isaac Cline was an honorable meteorological community; he had strong confidence in scientific knowledge that allowed him to predict storms by cloud motions and behavior. Therefore, the idea that a hurricane could destroy the entire city of Galveston was not even considered. Nevertheless, in 1900, the American society felt stronger than it did b efore and, therefore, nothing in nature could prevent the prosperous development of Galveston. However, blind confidence had become the reason for the most horrible disaster in the American history. At the threshold of the 20th century, the city of Galveston was considered a prosperous city with the population of about 37.000 residents. Due to its beneficial geographic location, Galveston had also become the biggest commercial city in Texas, which made the citizens become more proud of it. The rapid development of trade relations had also contributed to technological advancement and, therefore, Galveston community believed that their progressive technologies could overcome the natural forces. In the book, Larson introduces his own research findings by stating, â€Å"†¦if things continued as there were Galveston soon would achieve the stature of New Orleans, Baltimore, or San Francisco† (12). Hence, all scientists, businesspeople, and investors were more concerned with commercial and economic growth of the city rather than with meteorological situation. Gaining a reputation of a future cosmopolitan, people were, indeed, proud of the achievements and potential of the community development. Galveston citizens had been reassured that no hurricane could destroy Galveston because of accurate temperature and meteorologist forecast. In the book, Larson refers to the characters as well-educated, confident citizens, who strongly believed that technological progress and scientific knowledge were reliable protection mechanisms. Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In particular, the author writes, â€Å"Isaac was aware of himself and how he moved through the day, and saw himself as something bigger than a mere recorder of rainfall and temperature† (Larson 4). The scientist was able to explain even the strangest phenomena that ever happened. In addition, Isaa c had a clear view of the Gulf to make possible calculations and predictions concerning any threats to the city. He also knew about the peculiarities of the climatic conditions. However, the author emphasized this fact to prove the possibility of eliminating the tragedy if Mr. Cline admitted the probability of hurricane approaching the Gulf. Cline’s extreme confidence in his knowledge of storm phenomenon was the major reason for ignoring the message from the Cuban meteorologists who identified the incoming storm on September 5. However, this weather information was not taken seriously by Galveston weather bureau, since they believed that their Cuban colleagues had failed to accurately forecast. In particular, the meteorologist believed that â€Å"the Cuban†¦seemed to care more about drama and passion than science† (Larson 112). As a result of stereotypic judgment and false assumptions, the scientists had explicitly ignored the possibility of any hazards to the cit y. Moreover, the government considered that telegraph messages sent by the Cuban meteorological status sought to conspire against their weather bureau. In fact, Larson introduced a number of facts proving that the Cubans could forecast weather with much higher accuracy than the U.S. weather station (113). The history and evidence shows that there was indeed a storm in Cuba. So, should meteorologists believed their Cuban colleagues and consider the information, they could conclude that all tropical systems would turn north. The scientists, including Isaac Cline, did not even admit that the Gulf could be destroyed by the hurricane. Rather, the national weather bureau had issued the news for the citizens, assuring that â€Å"The storm will probably continue slowly northward and its effects will be felt as far as the lower portion of the middle Atlantic cost by Friday night† (Larson 113). However, their predictions were mistaken and were largely affected by their extreme relian ce on scientific knowledge. Negligence of the information sent by neighboring meteorological stations had led to irreversible consequences. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Galveston Hurricane and Its Influence on Americans’ Confidence in Conquering Nature in 1800s and 1900s specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Even when Isaac Cline admitted the fact of the approaching hurricane, the government never granted the permission to release information about hurricane warning because it would mean the admittance of the mistake. Moreover, the bureau refused to use the term hurricane in order to avert panic and preserve their reputation. Informed about storm, but not dangerous hurricane, citizens remained confident that there was no any danger. Although the signs of the approaching storm were evident, the meteorologist firmly believed that no natural disaster could do tangible damage to the city. Mr. Cline was also s ure that the town was not vulnerable to serious destructions because of the beneficial geographic location. People’s reluctance to accept the superiority of natural forces had led to horrible consequences. The compelling story about the impact of stereotypes and increased confidence proves that the American society had failed to oppose the disaster, regardless of its advanced technological and scientific development. After the hurricane, Galveston lost its reputation of a commercially prosperous seaport. Instead, it had become the symbol of the national tragedy, as well as a memorial for more than 8 thousand people. After the event, Galveston community fully realized their mistakes and constructed a seventeen-foot high wall to protect the city from hurricanes in future. The fact that the citizens had totally reconsidered the protection systems in the city signified to the loss of confidence in their exceptional experience and knowledge, as well as their superiority over nat ure. Hence, Larson manages to portray the Weather Bureau in the light of insufficient experience and inaccurate previous forecasts predicting the hurricane. Cline should have listened to his intuition and knowledge rather than to his pride and complacency. In conclusion, Galveston hurricane exemplifies the most horrible episode in the American history and presents an account on the meteorologists’ negligence that had become the reason for numerous deaths. Extreme willingness to gain power over nature was a priority for the Weather Bureau that strived to maintain its high reputation. Galveston community was also overwhelmed with confidence due to the prosperity and rapid development of the city. Being one of the biggest commercial centers, the government failed to listen to the Cuban broadcast. Following false stereotyped did not allow the citizens to admit the possibility of threat. Even Isaac Cline, who was recognized as an expert meteorologist failed to predict the disaste r. Hence, the blind confidence prevented them from protecting themselves. After the disaster, American confidence was entirely lost.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Works Cited Larson, Erik. Isaac’s Storm. Vintage, USA. Print. This essay on Galveston Hurricane and Its Influence on Americans’ Confidence in Conquering Nature in 1800s and 1900s was written and submitted by user Ka-Zar to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Life of langston hughes essays

Life of langston hughes essays February 1, 1902 in Joplin Missouri James Mercer Langston was born to Carrie Langston and James Hughes. Carrie was fascinated in literary. James was hardworking despite his numerous frustrations. After being denied the privilege of taking the Oklahoma bar exam because it was an all white exam. James moved to Mexico in 1903. Langston spent most of his childhood living with Mary Leary his grandmother. Mary was a widower of Lewis Sheridan Leary a raider of Harpers Ferry. Mary intrigued by politics, once taking Langston to hear Booker T. Washington. In 1914 Langston was moved to Lincoln, Illinois, where his mother got remarried. Soon after Langston was moved to Cleveland, Ohio while attending four years of high school. While in high school a teacher, Ethel Weimer introduced him to the work of Chicago School of poetry. After graduation Langston initiated visits his father in 1918 in Mexico. During his visit Langston felt apprehensive that he could not meet his father high hopes for his future. During this time Langston wrote, The Negro speaks of rivers. I've known rivers ancient as the world and older than the My soul has grown deep like the rivers. I bathed in the Euphrates when dawns were young. I built my hut near the Congo and it lulled me to sleep. I looked upon the Nile and raised the pyramids above it. I heard the singing of the Mississippi when Abe Lincoln Went down to New Orleans, and I've seen its muddy Bosom turn all golden in the sunset. My soul has grown deep like the rivers. Moving to New York in 1921, he enrolled to Columbia University. As an African American the dorm rooms had no place a colored student. In 1925 working as a busboy in wardman hotel in Washington D.C. Hughes sneaked three poems to vachel Lindsay, vachel was famously known for public reading and perf ...

Agency by ratification Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Agency by ratification - Assignment Example Agency is the association that exist when one party known as agent decide to represents another party known as principal in a business transaction and has power to alter the legal situation of the party they represent in an agreement with a third party Agency by ratification comes into existence if one party acted as an agent for a non existing principal, and the party claimed to be the principal actually accept to be bound by the term of the agreement as if they had actually authorized the agent to act on their behalf (Stone, 2011). Under such circumstance, the alleged principal can never disown the agreement and they indeed become the principal and agent in all legal perspectives. The agencies by ratification become legal only if the alleged principal met legal requirements of a principal at the time of acceptance of the contract (Gordley, 2001). However, under such a situation, both the principal and the other party have the right to sue the agent for the loss suffered as a result of the conducts of the agent. In order for this agreement to become effective, the alleged principal must have been in a potential to form such a relationship. For the contract to be ratified, the agent must disclose to the other party that they are actually acting as agent for the certain principal though not disclosed to that other party (Stone, 2011). Therefore, if the agent fails to state that they are acting as agent, this agreement cannot be effective. For example, in Keighley Maxted & C v Durant [1901], Keighley authorised the other business partner R to purchase weight at a specified price for their business. However, R could did not get weight at the specified price and instead decided to purchase it from Durant at a greater price. Keighley promised to accept the agreement, but later declined it. Durant challenged the decision in the court, but the House of Lords issued a verdict Keighley was no bound by the agreement due to the reason of it imposed unnecessary cost. The r egulation requires that at the time of creation of agreement, the alleged principal who will approve the agreement must be in surviving at the time the accord was being made (Gordley, 2001). This requirement aims to protect third party from entering into unlawful treaty. This is because the law has set definite terms which a person should meet before they can sign abiding agreement. Therefore, if a person alleged to be the principal could not be determined at the time of signing the agreement, then the person cannot be able to approve and adopt the contract later. For example, in Kelner v Baxter (1866) LR 2 CP 174, advertisers of a nonexistent company entered into an agreement with buyers before the company was established. After the formation of the company, those buyers purchased the wine on credit, which they never paid until the company went on liquidation. The promoters were sued, but they argued that they had acted on behalf of the company hence were not responsible (Stone, 20 11). However, CJ Erle claimed that the marketer were liable for the debt since the company was nonexistence at the time they signed the agreement with the buyers. The alleged principal must have contractual capacity to form a binding agreement at the time the treaty was being made (Gordley, 2001). For example, the person must be of sound mind at the time the contract was signed on their behalf. In Dibbins v Dibbins (1896), the solicitor applied to the court with intention of acquiring partnership property since the only surviving partner was insane (Stone, 2011). The solicitor notified the court about the state of the agent and intention o effect the agreement on their behalf. However, the notice was beyond the agreed time

The Disintegration of Yugoslavia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Disintegration of Yugoslavia - Essay Example This was based on absence of an effective social and legal framework that resulted into distrust within the family settings, anxiety among ever-smaller divisions, and divisions among heirs over landholdings. Despite gaining independence from Ottomans, Serbia has continued to suffer agricultural crisis until today (Silber & Little, 1996). Despite the theological argument over use of Cyrillic contrary to Latin alphabet or adherence to pope as authority of the bishop, Slovenes, Serbs, and Croats differences involved a great deal. Croats were considered traitors to hereditary Habsburg because they declined to surrender their local traditions and Catholicism. Similarly, Bosnian Muslims were considered servants to old Ottoman oppressors because of their cleavage to Islam. Therefore, disintegration of Yugoslavia was ascribed to the perceptions of Muslims and Catholics as demons in accordance with the dominant Serbian Orthodox theology (Cohen, 1995). In regards to Serbs, conflicts emerged among landlords or family members over property ownership due to conversion of landlords to Islamic religion. Market haggling and peddling characterized entrepreneurship in Yugoslavia. Development of Serbian bourgeoisie into class was belated despite its late arrival on the historical scene. However, the Croats and Slovenes were prepared for the arrival of capitalism in the Balkans (Schwartz, 1999). This was exemplified by the embedded attitudes that were held towards property. Serbianism was symbolized by burning of property registers as a means to protest against Muslim domination in Yugoslavia and deep ambivalence about the broader legal; and social reality beyond the nuclear family settings. Disintegration was aggravated by existence of mistrust towards laws outside the family in addition to Ottoman land records due to their implication of foreign governance (Silber & Little, 1996). However, the differences which